When the syllable ends with final consonant meets the syllable starts with a vowel, it creates a prolonged sound.
Rule
When a final consonant is followed by a syllable starts with vowel, the final consonant sound is carried over to the next syllable, and is pronounced as the first sound of that next syllable. It is called a prolonged sound.
Or when the syllable starts with the consonant ㅇ, we can think that it is a blank space for pronunciation because ㅇ doesn't make any sound at the position of first sound. So the final consonant of the first syllable moves to the blank space and make sound.
예:
입 + 이 => 입이 [이비]
믿- + -어 => 믿어 [미더]
한국어 => 한국어 [한구거]
However, the final consonant ㅎ doesn't become a prolonged sound and is eliminated when pronounce.
예:
좋은 => [조흔](X) [조은] (O)
많아요 => [만하요] (X) [마나요] (O)
The Prolonged Sound of final consonants: ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㄱ
예:
답을 [다블] 수업에 [수어베]
걷으면 [거드면] 믿으세요 [미드세요]
찾아요 [차자요] 알맞은 [알마즌]
부작용 [부자굥] 기억이 [기어기]
The Prolonged Sound of final consonants: ㅍ, ㅌ, ㅊ, ㅋ
예:
무릎을 [무르플] 옆이 [여피]
끝에 [끄테] 맡은 [마튼]
쫓아와요 [쪼차와요] 낯이 [나치]
부엌이 [부어키]
The Prolonged Sound of final consonants: ㅅ, ㅆ, ㄲ
예:
깨끗이 [깨끄시] 씻으세요 [씨스세요]
갔으니까 [가쓰니까] 만났으면 [만나쓰면]
밖은 [바끈] 닦아요 [다까요]
The Prolonged Sound of final consonants: ㅁ, ㄴ, ㄹ
예:
다음에 [다으메] 음악 [으막]
눈이 [누니] 문을 [무늘]
걸어서 [거러서] 들어요 [드러요]
The Prolonged Sound of double final consonants:
예:
ㄳ: 몫이 [목씨] 삯이[삭씨]
ㄵ: 앉아요 [안자요] 얹으세요[언즈세요]
ㄺ: 닭을 [달글] 흙을[흘글]
ㄻ: 옮으면 [올므면] 젊은[절믄]
ㄼ: 넓어요 [널버요] 여덟에서[여덜베서]
ㄾ: 핥아 먹어요 [할타 머거요] 훑어봐요[훌터봐요]
ㄿ: 읊어요 [을퍼요]
ㅄ: 값이 [갑씨] 없어요[업써요]
For '닭을, 흙을, 여덟에서' in most cases usually read [다글, 흐글, 여더레서].
종성규칙 후 연음:
The prolonged sound is made after the final consonants' pronunciation changed to ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ first.
There are 2 rules for this case.
Rule 1:
When two separate words are pronounced together.
예:
잎 위 => [입] + 위 => [이뷔]
못 오면 => [몯] + 오면 => [모도면]
부엌 안 => [부억] + 안 => [부어간]
Rule 2:
When two words which have particular meaning became one word.
예:
맛없어요 (맛 + 없어요) => [마덥써요](O) [마섭써요](X)
첫인상 (첫 + 인상) => [처딘상](O) [처신상](X)
References:
오국인을 위한 한국어 발을 47-28과-서울대학교 언어교육원
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iw3BHy0j0Bo
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